2010年8月18日星期三

How far have girls in politics come considering that 1920?

Ninety years after the 19th Amendment enshrined women¡¯s proper to political participation inside US Constitution, ladies may perhaps be having one of their most influential many years yet in American politics, analysts say.

The first 50 many years of American women¡¯s suffrage was ¡°votes without leverage,¡± based on a book on the same name by Anna Harvey, a political scientist at New York University. But women¡¯s leverage on politics is now stronger than ever, and it appears to be growing with each and every successive election cycle.

At least 13 ladies, a record, will win a major party nomination for the US Senate this year, assuming three female incumbents ¨C Lisa Murkowski (R) of Alaska, Kirsten Gillibrand (D) of New York, and Barbara Mikulski (D) of Maryland ¨C overcome token primary opposition over the next month.

On the unelected side of things, you will discover three female justices within the Supreme Court, given that Elena Kagan was sworn in. Speaker Nancy Pelosi is the first woman to lead the House of Representatives. And America¡¯s secretary of State has been a woman for 10 of the past 14 many years, with Madeleine Albright, Condoleezza Rice, and Hillary Rodham Clinton all serving as the country¡¯s chief diplomat.

The modifications reflect the alterations inside the electorate. Additional girls than males have voted in each and every presidential election given that 1960. Four times since 1976, more than 60 percent of ladies have voted in a presidential election; males have topped the 60 percent turnout mark only once in that span, according to data from Rutgers University¡¯s Center for American Women and Politics.

On the other hand, despite progress, a gap does remain between women¡¯s participation in mass politics and women¡¯s participation from the increased levels of the political game, says Jennifer Lawless, a political scientist at American University.

¡°Women turn out to vote in greater proportions than guys, so ladies can usually be the decisive bloc in an election,¡± Ms. Lawless says. ¡°Still, we do not see adult females running for office nearly as much as men do.¡±

Still, in their collective effect on mass politics, women¡¯s political influence is high. Groups of females are increasingly seen as the key to electoral victory for the two events.

From the 1990s, the decisive bloc was ¡°soccer moms,¡± the growing class of suburban mothers whose primary concerns had been education as well as the economy. After the 9/11 attacks, ¡°security moms¡± concerned about terrorism had been courted by each parties and credited for fueling George W. Bush¡¯s victory in 2004, in which he got a increased percentage of women¡¯s votes than any Republican presidential candidate because his father.

Lawless says that the two parties, and specially Democrats, now recognize that they need vigorous support from ladies to win elections. This evident from the way they present their platforms to the public. ¡°Women¡¯s issues¡± are not the focus, but the way women see the problems is.

¡°Both events today actually try to frame issues in [women¡¯s] terms,¡± Lawless says. ¡°Security is framed as, 'How to keep the kids safe?' The economy is framed as, ¡®How do I put food for the table?¡¯ ¡®How do I pay for college?¡¯ ¡±

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